Research Article

The Necessity of Sensory Knowledge and the Possibility of Sensory Karāmah According to the Ash’arites with Special Reference to al-Ghazālī

Volume: 11 Number: 22 December 15, 2024
EN TR

The Necessity of Sensory Knowledge and the Possibility of Sensory Karāmah According to the Ash’arites with Special Reference to al-Ghazālī

Abstract

Some theories were developed in early Islamic thought to demonstrate the validity of prophethood in opposition to the idea of necessary causality put forward by naturalist philosophers. For this purpose, the Ash’arites developed the theory of “ādat” (custom) because they rejected the theories of the Mu‘tazilites such as tab‘, i‘timād, and tawallād because of their connotation of necessary causality. The ‘ādat theory rejects the necessity of causality and argues that the causeeffect relationship, which expresses continuity in nature, does not exist in reality and is merely a product of habit. However, al-Ghazālī and some theologians have expressed their concern that miraculous events create doubt in the senses and that the necessary knowledge existing in the senses would disappear if sensory miracles were possible. Our study is based on the hypothesis that an understanding of al-Ghazālī’s concerns in this regard is possible only by explaining the theory of sensory knowledge and custom. For this purpose, the works of other Ashʿarite theologians who expressed their opinions on the same subject were examined by focusing on al-Ghazālī, document analysis was conducted, and the data obtained were evaluated through discourse analysis. As a result, it was determined that al-Ghazālī, due to his effort to avoid a skeptical and agnostic understanding of knowledge based on the senses, took a different stance from the predominant views of other Ashʿarite theologians regarding the possibility of the realization of sensory miracles. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the scholarly literature on the degree of al-Ghazālī's adherence to the Ash‘arī school by examining the subject under consideration.

Keywords

References

  1. Abooei, Mohammad Reza. “Doctrine of Determinism and Free Will in Conjunction of Ash‘ari’s and St Augustine’s Opinions”. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci 5/2 (2015), 27-35.
  2. Akman, Mustafa. “Eş‘arîlerin Nedensellik Anlayışı Üzerinden Ehl-i Hadisin Vardığı Sonuçlar”. Journal Islamic Research 22/2 (2011), 71-88.
  3. Aydın, Hasan. Eski Yunan’dan İslâm’ın Klasik Çağına Neden Kavramı ve Nedensellik Sorunu. İstanbul: Bilim ve Gelecek Kitaplığı, 2009.
  4. Bağdâdî, Abdülkâhir b. Tâhir b. Muhammed et-Temîmî. Usûlü’d-Din. Beyrut: Dârü’l-Fikr, 1997.
  5. Bâkıllânî, Ebû Bekir Muhammed b. Tayyib. et-Takrîb ve’l-irşâd (es-Sağîr). thk. Abdülhamid b. Ali Ebû Zenid. 3 Cilt. Beyrut: Müesssetü’r-Risâle, 1998.
  6. Bâkıllânî, Ebû Bekir Muhammed b. Tayyib. Temhîdü’l-evâil ve telhîsu’d-delâil. thk. İmâdüddîn Ahmed Haydar. Beyrut: Müessesetü’l-Kütübi’s-Sekâfiyye, 1987.
  7. Barsa, Farzad vd. “Dirâse mahiyeti’l-kerâme ve mekânetiha fî vicheti nazari müfekkiri’l-Eşâ‘ire ve’l-Mu‘tezile”. Mecelletü’l-Menhel 6/2 (2020), 53-74.
  8. Bektaş, Kevser. Mutezile Kelâmında Keramet. Bursa: Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2017.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Kalam

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 15, 2024

Submission Date

July 16, 2024

Acceptance Date

November 11, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Volume: 11 Number: 22

ISNAD
Şavluk, Hikmet - Hacak, Hasan. “Gazzâlî Özelinde Eş‘arîlere Göre Duyusal Bilginin Zaruri Oluşu Ve Hissî Kerame-Tin İmkânı”. Mütefekkir 11/22 (December 1, 2024): 377-398. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.1600515.

Cited By