Araştırma Makalesi

Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality

Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25 16 Haziran 2026
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Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality

Öz

This article argues that a structural gap exists between the theoretical ideals and the practical applications of human rights discourse. The problem of the research is the scrutiny of the ontological void and epistemological rupture caused by the modern paradigm, which isolates the intellect from its metaphysical roots and severes its connection with the transcendent, and the identification of the possibilities that the Islamic intellectual tradition can offer in the rectification of this crisis. Inductive and analytical methods have been followed in the study. In this framework, the philosophical components of modern discourse have been scrutinized, and the constitutive potential of the concepts of primordial nature and ontological-legal personhood "adamiyyah", which serve as objective grounds for rights, has been analyzed. In the context of the critique of the Western-centric human rights discourse, the conceptual hegemony inherent in the claim of universality is deconstructed, and a philosophical and legal critique is presented against the understanding that positions man as an absolute lawgiver detached from transcendent references, thereby rendering him both the source and the basis of legitimacy of rights. In the study, in order to transcend the individualistic theory of rights put forth by the individual-centric liberal understanding abstracted from transcendent references, a model of responsible freedom is proposed, which defines freedom not as a realm of unlimited arbitrariness, but as a moral authority bound by the consciousness of divine trust “Amānah”. The study has revealed that the ideal human rights discourse can be reached not by merely comparing Islamic legal thought with modern achievements, but rather through an inclusive humanitarian vision that transcends Western-centrism. This process necessitates a dialogue centered on Islamic experience and the adoption of the objectives of the Sharīʿa as the basis in the definition of human benefit. Thus, a universal, consistent, and inclusive discourse of rights can be constructed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors acknowledge that they did not receive any external funding to support this research.

Etik Beyan

Yazarlar gönderilen çalışmaların özgün olduğunu, her yazarın anlamlı katkı sağladığını, başka yerde yayınlanmadığını/yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergiye gönderilmediğini, etik kurallara uyulduğunu ve üçüncü taraf haklarının ihlal edilmediğini taahhüt eder.

Kaynakça

  1. Abd al-Raḥmān, Ṭāhā. al-ʿAmal al-Dīnī wa-Tajdīd al-ʿAql. Morocco: al-Markaz al-S̱aqāfī al-ʿArabī, 2nd Ed., 1997.
  2. Aḥmad an-Naʿīm, ʿAbdullāhi. Decolonizing Human Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  3. Aḥmad an-Naʿīm, ʿAbdullāhi. ‘The Spirit of Laws Is Not Universal: Alternatives to the Enforcement Paradigm for Human Rights’. Tilburg Law Review 21/2 (2016), 255–274.
  4. Ak, Ayhan. ‘İnsan Hakları Diplomasisinin İslam Devletler Hukuku Perspektifiyle Analizi’. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi 50 (2018), 161–188.
  5. Ak, Yunus. İslam Hukuk Tarihinde İnsan Hakları. Konya: Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, PhD Thesis, 2024.
  6. Akbaba, Büşra Gülşah. ‘Access to Justice and Human Rights: A Comparative Study of Islamic Jurisprudence and Secular Legal Systems’. İnsan ve Toplum 15/2 (4 June 2025), 171–192.
  7. Akkol, Mümtaz Levent. ‘Jürgen Habermas’ın İletişimsel Eylem Kuramı ve Kamusal Alan Kavramının Analizi’. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 37 (2019), 171–180.
  8. Aldrees, Badr Muhammad. ‘Moral Flexibility in View of Islam and the West: Rules and Regulations Related to Moral Flexibility as Part of Preaching of Islam (Islamic Da’wah)’. Journal of Sharia and Islamic Studies 40/142 (December 2025), 9–90.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İslam Hukuku

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

16 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

25 Ocak 2026

Kabul Tarihi

7 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gülel, M. S., & Alkilani, A. İ. Z. (2026). Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality. Mütefekkir, 13(25), 42-58. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248
AMA
1.Gülel MS, Alkilani AİZ. Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality. Mütefekkir. 2026;13(25):42-58. doi:10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248
Chicago
Gülel, Mustafa Sami, ve Abdallah İbrahim Zaid Alkilani. 2026. “Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality”. Mütefekkir 13 (25): 42-58. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248.
EndNote
Gülel MS, Alkilani AİZ (01 Haziran 2026) Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality. Mütefekkir 13 25 42–58.
IEEE
[1]M. S. Gülel ve A. İ. Z. Alkilani, “Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality”, Mütefekkir, c. 13, sy 25, ss. 42–58, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248.
ISNAD
Gülel, Mustafa Sami - Alkilani, Abdallah İbrahim Zaid. “Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality”. Mütefekkir 13/25 (01 Haziran 2026): 42-58. https://doi.org/10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248.
JAMA
1.Gülel MS, Alkilani AİZ. Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality. Mütefekkir. 2026;13:42–58.
MLA
Gülel, Mustafa Sami, ve Abdallah İbrahim Zaid Alkilani. “Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality”. Mütefekkir, c. 13, sy 25, Haziran 2026, ss. 42-58, doi:10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248.
Vancouver
1.Mustafa Sami Gülel, Abdallah İbrahim Zaid Alkilani. Human Rights Between Liberal Individualism and Islamic Maqāṣid: A Critical Study on Ontology, Universality, and the Reformation of Reality. Mütefekkir. 01 Haziran 2026;13(25):42-58. doi:10.30523/mutefekkir.1871248